🇮🇹 FAILLA Giuseppe · ITALY

40rank
+77.9Butler · 266 bds
+0.29per board
±3.9swing
+0.23vs par /bd · #43/138
+0.23adjusted /bd
Butler per round: 8.7 -10.9 18.8 0.2 -10.8 -11.5 -16.5 -2.2 -3.2 5.9 7.8 16.1 2.5 10.5 -7.7 15.7 13.5 11.3 29.7by round

vs par split: bidding +0.02 · play +0.19

Strength of schedule: opponents averaged -0.07/bd (an easy draw) → opponent-adjusted +0.23/bd

Card play — on target: opening leads 76.4% #112 of 138 · declarer play 81.4% #19 of 138 · defence 87.5% #51 of 138

Bidding activity — not a pass: 46.2% #16 of 138 (354/766)

Card play by contract type — on target
vs NTvs a suit
Opening leads75.0% (20)76.9% (52)
Declarer play88.2% (17)78.6% (42)
Defence72.2% (36)93.0% (100)

Opening leads by suit led: ♠ 77.3% (22) · ♥ 76.5% (17) · ♦ 80.0% (15) · ♣ 72.2% (18)

vs par by strain: NT +0.57 (75) · a suit +0.07 (190)

vs par by level: part-score -0.02 (103) · game -0.01 (146) · slam +3.75 (16)

By role: declaring +0.53/bd (-1.83 vs par · 129) · defending +0.07/bd (+2.17 vs par · 137)

By vulnerability: vulnerable +0.72/bd (+0.06 vs par · 133) · not vulnerable -0.13/bd (+0.41 vs par · 133)

By round↑ top

RoundPartnerOpponentsRoomBdsButlerAvgvs par
Round 1G.DuboinS.Bjerkset – J.FurunesOpen14+8.7+0.62+2.29
Round 2G.DuboinJ.Nicolajsen – S.ChristiansenClosed14-10.9-0.78-4.14
Round 3G.DuboinK.Belrhiti Alaoui – M.BerradaOpen14+18.8+1.34+0.36
Round 4G.DuboinA.Sontag – Z.MahmoodOpen14+0.2+0.01+0.29
Round 5G.DuboinM.Hussain Atm – J.HaqueClosed14-10.8-0.77+1.86
Round 6G.DuboinJ.Wolfson – S.GarnerClosed14-11.5-0.82-0.71
Round 7G.DuboinK.Chiu – P.YeungOpen14-16.5-1.18-0.21
Round 8G.DuboinC.Lucena – M.MacriOpen14-2.2-0.16+1.00
Round 10G.DuboinR.Hughes – D.TurnerClosed14-3.2-0.23+1.14
Round 11G.DuboinY.Zheng – Y.LiangClosed14+5.9+0.42-2.07
Round 12G.DuboinP.Shields – R.ChamberlainClosed14+7.8+0.56+0.93
Round 14G.DuboinH.Berger – P.ZelnikOpen14+16.1+1.15+0.71
Round 15G.DuboinL.Van Den Brom – A.MulderOpen14+2.5+0.18-0.64
Round 16G.DuboinD.Crombie – N.StuckeyClosed14+10.5+0.75+0.07
Round 17G.DuboinR.Goenka – S.GuptaClosed14-7.7-0.55-1.57
Round 18G.DuboinK.Yamada – T.ImakuraOpen14+15.7+1.12+0.79
Round 19G.DuboinD.Pilon – P.ChottinClosed14+13.5+0.96+0.64
Round 22G.DuboinJ.Sylvan – M.GustawssonOpen14+11.3+0.81+0.79
Round 23G.DuboinM.Abaza – A.ZeinClosed14+29.7+2.12+2.93

Every board — best Butler first↑ top

vs par = IMPs this pair scored above (+) or below (−) the board’s double-dummy par — what bidding and play (theirs and the opponents’) added or gave away against perfect play.

ButlerRoundOpponentsBdContractLeadResvs par
+12.4Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT93♦x♠A-4+12
+12.0Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT73NTx♣4-3+12
+11.1Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT126♠x♣4-3+19
+11.0Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE126♣♠3=+7
+10.3Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO23NT♥T=+10
+10.0Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN183NT♥Q=+10
+10.0Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE106♠x♣K-1+20
+9.5Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN194♦♣Q-4+11
+9.4Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA175♣x♠A=+12
+7.7Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN264♥♦K-1+12
+7.5Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA213NT♦4-2+11
+7.4Round 4🇺🇸 USA2244♠♦K=+7
+7.3Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO133NT♠6=+10
+7.3Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA174♠♠6=+8
+7.1Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA123NT♦K=-1
+7.0Round 4🇺🇸 USA2254♠♣K-2+12
+6.7Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA143NT♦9=+7
+6.5Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND242♥x♦K-2+5
+6.5Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN263♠♥3+1+10
+6.3Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY24♠♦2-2+11
+6.3Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS113NT♥8=+3
+6.2Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA116♦♥6=+0
+6.2Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS24♥♦3=+3
+6.0Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND253NT♣J-1+12
+5.8Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND246♥♣K+1+11
+5.6Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT54♠♥6=+8
+5.4Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY43♥♦A=+7
+5.3Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA222NT♥6-1+6
+5.0Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA163NT♥3-1+12
+5.0Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND261NT♠6+3-2
+4.9Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA144♥♦5=+8
+4.7Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN214♥♠3=+3
+4.5Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA182♥♦7=+6
+4.4Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA184♥♦K=+0
+4.4Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN231♥♠8-1+6
+4.3Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA53NT♠T-2+6
+4.2Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND285♠x♥K-3+0
+4.1Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS65♣♦A=+11
+4.0Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO33NT♥Q=+0
+4.0Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE94♠♣3-1+12
+3.8Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO83NT♥T+1+1
+3.7Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA264♠♦3=+0
+3.7Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN184♠♣2=-1
+3.5Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS32♥♥6=+6
+3.4Round 6🇺🇸 USA1283NT♠4=-1
+3.4Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA24♥♥5+2+14
+3.1Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN284♦♣A-3+1
+3.0Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND283♥♦A+1+7
+3.0Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA124♠♦A-3+1
+2.9Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH42♠♣Q=+0
+2.9Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA154♥♦K+2+8
+2.9Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE53♥♣A-1+4
+2.7Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND214♠♦A-2+6
+2.6Round 6🇺🇸 USA1272♥♦A=+1
+2.6Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND274♠♦7+1+11
+2.5Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND183NT♣T-2+6
+2.5Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA131NT♦K+2+1
+2.5Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE134♠♦2+2+1
+2.4Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA53NT♠J+1+1
+2.3Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA283♠♥2=+0
+2.3Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA43NT♦2+1+4
+2.2Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS144♠♣K+1+0
+2.1Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA155♠♣K=+8
+2.1Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN177NT♣3=+0
+2.0Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY104♥♦5=+0
+2.0Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA82♠♣T=+0
+2.0Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA103NT♣Q=+0
+2.0Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA232NT♦8+1+10
+2.0Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND153♣♠2-1+5
+2.0Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND204♥♣9+1-13
+2.0Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN205♦x♠T-1-7
+1.8Round 6🇺🇸 USA1221NT♥5-1+5
+1.8Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA73♣♣3+1+0
+1.8Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE112♥♦T+2+1
+1.7Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH15♠♦6-2+0
+1.7Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA255♥♦7=+0
+1.7Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND152♥♥T+1+1
+1.7Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND171♥♦3+3+6
+1.7Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA33NT♣Q=+0
+1.6Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY83NT♣5=-1
+1.6Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA24♠♣T+1+0
+1.3Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY72♠♦A+3+10
+1.3Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH23NT♣J+3+11
+1.3Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH72NT♥2=+0
+1.3Round 6🇺🇸 USA1262♥♣4-1+0
+1.3Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS54♥♦Q+1+1
+1.3Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE72♦♠Q+3-10
+1.2Round 4🇺🇸 USA2203♠♣A-1+0
+1.2Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA275♣♥8-3+6
+1.2Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN244♥♠K-2+5
+1.1Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK231NT♣5+3+2
+1.0Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK263NT♦2+1+0
+1.0Round 4🇺🇸 USA219Adj.♣3+6
+1.0Round 6🇺🇸 USA1153♠♠3=+7
+1.0Round 6🇺🇸 USA1253NT♣8+1+0
+1.0Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA204♠♣6=+0
+1.0Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND233♠♣K-1+1
+1.0Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN173♠♥A-2+8
+0.9Round 4🇺🇸 USA2173NT♠5+2+0
+0.9Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA263♦♣8=-1
+0.8Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK274♠♦5+1+0
+0.8Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND212♦♦6=-2
+0.8Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND253NT♣4+2+0
+0.8Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA234♥♥5=+1
+0.7Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO104♥♣5+2-13
+0.7Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA165♠♥J+1-11
+0.6Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK176NT♥8-1+14
+0.6Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK214♠x♥T-1-9
+0.6Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND174♠♣7+1+0
+0.5Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA214♠♣3=+0
+0.5Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND162♥♥5-1-1
+0.4Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY94♥♦K+2-11
+0.4Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY144♥♦7=+0
+0.4Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK223NT♠9+2-11
+0.4Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN254♥♦2=-1
+0.3Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO53NT♥T+2+0
+0.3Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH82♥♦8-2+0
+0.3Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA132♠♦6+2-8
+0.3Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA273♦♣2+1+7
+0.3Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA194♠♥5+1+11
+0.3Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA242♥♦7-1+2
+0.3Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA272♠♠6=-1
+0.3Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE32♠♣8+1+10
+0.2Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO141NT♥7+1-7
+0.2Round 4🇺🇸 USA2163NT♥8=+0
+0.2Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA71NT♣3+2-1
+0.2Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA263NT♥T=+1
+0.2Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE145♣♠A-1+2
+0.1Round 4🇺🇸 USA2234♠♣6+1-13
+0.1Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA33NT♣6+2+0
+0.1Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND224♠♥J=-1
+0.1Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA163♦♥2+1+0
-0.0Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY54♠♠5+1+0
+0.0Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK193NT♦T+3-11
+0.0Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO73NTx♠2-1-7
-0.0Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO113♦♠A+2-6
+0.0Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH104♠♠A=+0
+0.0Round 6🇺🇸 USA1172♥♠7+2-2
-0.0Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND204♠♥A+1-13
-0.0Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN224♠♥K-1-8
+0.0Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT13NT♥4+2+10
+0.0Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT84♥♦Q+1+0
-0.0Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT131NT♣4=+1
-0.1Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS73♥♥5+1-10
-0.1Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA71NT♦K+2+1
-0.2Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS81NT♣6-1-3
-0.2Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN223NT♠5+1+0
-0.2Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT43NT♥T+2+0
-0.3Round 4🇺🇸 USA2222♠♦T-1+2
-0.3Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA194♠♣2+1+0
-0.3Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA223NT♠J=-1
-0.3Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT33NT♦4+1+0
-0.4Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH146♥♣6+1+11
-0.4Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA34♠♣T-1-10
-0.4Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT23♠♥6-1-2
-0.5Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY35♦♠A+1+10
-0.5Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO123♠♦K=+7
-0.5Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH133♦♥Q=+0
-0.5Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA103♥♥6+3-15
-0.5Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA153NT♠7+2-1
-0.5Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN154♥♦3+1+0
-0.5Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN214♠♥Q+1+0
-0.5Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN241NT♦7=-5
-0.6Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY63♥♠Q-1+6
-0.6Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA122♥♣K=-5
-0.7Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH63NT♣4+1+0
-0.7Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA234♠♣2+1+0
-0.7Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND194♠♥A=-3
-0.8Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY114♠♦6=+0
-0.8Round 4🇺🇸 USA2184♥♠2+1+11
-0.8Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA64♥♣7-1-5
-0.8Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA14♥♠J=+0
-0.8Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA93NT♣5+2-11
-0.8Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN272♠♣K+3-6
-0.9Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK184♥♠Q+1-13
-0.9Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH34♠♠3=+0
-0.9Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS104♠♠7+2-1
-0.9Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT142♠♦6-1-8
-1.0Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO44♥♠T+3-2
-1.0Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA11NT♦A-2+0
-1.0Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA23♥♠A=+0
-1.0Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND274♥♠Q+1+11
-1.0Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA282♠♥A+1+0
-1.0Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS126♠♦K=+0
-1.0Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND225♦♣K=+0
-1.1Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY13♥♣A=-1
-1.1Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND164♠♥K=+1
-1.2Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA133♥♣Q-1-1
-1.2Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND262NT♥Q-1+0
-1.2Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN284♥♦6=+1
-1.2Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE23NT♥3+2-1
-1.3Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA252♠♣3-3+0
-1.4Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK201NT♠6+3-10
-1.4Round 6🇺🇸 USA1213NT♥7=+0
-1.5Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO63NT♦4+1+12
-1.6Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA203NT♠6+1-4
-1.6Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT103♠♣3-2-7
-1.7Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO93♣♥4=+0
-1.8Round 6🇺🇸 USA1182♠♠5+1-1
-1.8Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN163♣♥J+1+10
-1.9Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY124♠♦J=+0
-1.9Round 4🇺🇸 USA2154♥♠J=-11
-1.9Round 4🇺🇸 USA2273♦♥3=+5
-1.9Round 6🇺🇸 USA1192♦♦A+2+0
-1.9Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA11NT♣5=+7
-1.9Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA112♥♠K-1-5
-1.9Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN154♥♥6+2-1
-2.0Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK282♠♥6=+0
-2.0Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH53NT♦T+3-1
-2.0Round 12🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND185♦♠A=+0
-2.1Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS14♥♠6=+1
-2.2Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA242♥♦A=+0
-2.3Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK163NT♠T-3-6
-2.3Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK246♠x♣8-4+0
-2.3Round 4🇺🇸 USA2265♦x♥Q-1+0
-2.3Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA254♥♦A-1-5
-2.3Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA101NT♣Q+1+0
-2.4Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN161NT♦K-2+0
-2.4Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN256♦♣6-2+0
-2.6Round 6🇺🇸 USA1233♦♥Q=+9
-2.6Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA52♠♠T=+1
-2.7Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA143NT♥9=-3
-2.7Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT61♥♦6-1+1
-3.0Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA92♦♦6-1-5
-3.0Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA41♥♦J-2-3
-3.0Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE83♥♥K=-7
-3.1Round 3🇲🇦 MOROCCO14♥♣Q=+0
-3.1Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH93♥♥6+1-6
-3.1Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA283♣♣J-2-3
-3.2Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK252♠♣J+2-2
-3.2Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS42♠♦A-2-3
-3.3Round 2🇩🇰 DENMARK153NT♥K+2-12
-3.3Round 14🇦🇹 AUSTRIA194♥♣J+1+0
-3.3Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN275♠♣5-1-2
-3.6Round 6🇺🇸 USA1242NT♥2+3-5
-3.7Round 6🇺🇸 USA1164♥♠9+1-11
-3.8Round 1🇳🇴 NORWAY133♦♠7-1+1
-3.8Round 18🇯🇵 JAPAN195♠♣T+1-14
-3.9Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA203♦♠T-3-9
-4.0Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN202♠♣Q=+1
-4.1Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA245♣♠J-1-5
-4.1Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE13♥♣A+1-6
-4.1Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE45♦♣9-1-16
-4.2Round 4🇺🇸 USA2215♣♦K=-7
-4.2Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS133NT♠4-2-8
-4.3Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA113♠♥K=-1
-4.3Round 11🇨🇳 CHINA81NT♦3=-6
-4.4Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA172♥♣J-1-5
-4.8Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH126♥♠K+1+11
-5.0Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA83♣♠T-4-3
-5.3Round 23🇪🇬 EGYPT116♥♦6=-5
-5.8Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA224♠♠3=+1
-5.9Round 5🇧🇩 BANGLADESH115♣♦5=+0
-6.0Round 22🇸🇪 SWEDEN234♠♦2+1-11
-6.2Round 4🇺🇸 USA2284♠♥K-2-8
-6.7Round 17🇮🇳 INDIA62♠♦6=-11
-7.6Round 6🇺🇸 USA1204♠♦A-1-12
-7.8Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA93NT♣K=-3
-8.1Round 19🇫🇷 FRANCE64♠♦A+1-8
-8.5Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA46♦♣A=+2
-8.7Round 10🇨🇦 CANADA183NT♥A=-11
-9.4Round 15🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS94♠x♥T-3-9
-9.6Round 7🇭🇰 HONG KONG CHINA63NT♠3=-10
-10.5Round 8🇦🇷 ARGENTINA216♠♥A-1-13
-11.3Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND197♠♦J-1-17
-12.9Round 16🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND233♦♥6-1-17