🇱🇧 FAYAD Mireille · LEBANON

105rank
-213.5Butler · 260 bds
-0.82per board
±4.2swing
-1.00vs par /bd · #101/111
-0.64adjusted /bd
Butler per round: 1 -13.1 -39.7 -5.8 -9.3 -20.1 -18.1 6.1 -50.2 -22 -18 -10.4 -13.9by round

vs par split: bidding -0.36 · play -0.63

Strength of schedule: opponents averaged +0.18/bd (a tough draw) → opponent-adjusted -0.64/bd

Card play — on target: opening leads 82.9% #31 of 111 · declarer play 66.0% #96 of 111 · defence 80.6% #103 of 111

Card play by contract type — on target
vs NTvs a suit
Opening leads77.8% (18)84.6% (52)
Declarer play63.6% (11)66.7% (42)
Defence74.4% (43)83.7% (86)

Opening leads by suit led: ♠ 78.3% (23) · ♥ 80.0% (10) · ♦ 88.2% (17) · ♣ 85.0% (20)

vs par by strain: NT -0.56 (71) · a suit -1.15 (187)

vs par by level: part-score -0.54 (80) · game -0.96 (162) · slam -3.56 (16)

By role: declaring -1.08/bd (-3.55 vs par · 130) · defending -0.56/bd (+1.54 vs par · 130)

By vulnerability: vulnerable -0.89/bd (-1.12 vs par · 130) · not vulnerable -0.75/bd (-0.89 vs par · 130)

By round↑ top

RoundPartnerOpponentsRoomBdsButlerAvgvs par
Round 1G.HarfoucheM.Kuranoglu – A.UysalClosed20+1.0+0.05-0.95
Round 2F.HamdanG.Radisic – B.AltmanClosed20-13.1-0.66+0.80
Round 4G.HarfoucheN.Bocchi – A.MadalaClosed20-39.7-1.99-2.70
Round 5F.HamdanJ.Hay – F.MorganClosed20-5.8-0.29+1.00
Round 7G.HarfoucheE.Velecky – A.FilipOpen20-9.3-0.47+0.65
Round 8F.HamdanE.Eisenberg – H.VinciguerraClosed20-20.1-1.01-2.70
Round 10G.HarfoucheS.Magnusson – D.NikolenkovClosed20-18.1-0.91-1.10
Round 11G.HarfoucheJ.Bethers – J.BendiksOpen20+6.1+0.30+0.60
Round 12F.HamdanG.Szalay – L.HarangozoOpen20-50.2-2.51-2.00
Round 14G.HarfoucheA.Smirnov – J.PiekarekOpen20-22.0-1.10-2.95
Round 15F.HamdanP.Shields – P.DenningClosed20-18.0-0.90+0.20
Round 17G.HarfoucheV.Leskela – J.TamminenOpen20-10.4-0.52-2.15
Round 18F.HamdanG.Borevkovic – V.ZoricClosed20-13.9-0.70-1.75

Every board — best Butler first↑ top

vs par = IMPs this pair scored above (+) or below (−) the board’s double-dummy par — what bidding and play (theirs and the opponents’) added or gave away against perfect play.

ButlerRoundOpponentsBdContractLeadResvs par
+11.9Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA154♥♦Q-1+12
+11.2Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA173♥x♠6-5+5
+11.0Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY186♦♣9-2+11
+10.5Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA84♠x♥7=+10
+9.2Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA66♣♦A=+13
+8.1Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES103NT♣3-1+12
+8.1Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA164♥♣5+1+11
+7.6Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND204♠♣K-1+7
+7.5Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY194♠x♠3=+5
+6.7Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND35♦♣A=+0
+6.6Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY44♥♣10-2+8
+6.6Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY193NT♦8-1+6
+6.4Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA175♦♠J=+7
+6.4Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND194♠♥K=+10
+5.9Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA185♣x♥A-1+0
+5.5Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA64♥♠10+1+8
+5.4Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND183NT♥J-1+10
+5.3Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA153♥♠J+2+10
+5.2Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND63NT♥5+1+0
+5.1Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA94♠x♥K-2+4
+5.1Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA134♠♣2=-1
+4.9Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY114♠♦J-1+4
+4.6Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA154♥♠K+2+1
+4.5Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY123NT♦4+1+1
+4.4Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA124♥♠A+2+12
+4.4Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA143NT♦Q-1+10
+4.2Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY43NT♠7-2+3
+4.2Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND93NT♠A-2+7
+4.1Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND122♣♣A-1+5
+4.1Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND14♣♦K-1+9
+3.9Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE24♠♦4=+7
+3.8Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY146♦♥6=-2
+3.7Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND123NT♦Q+2+2
+3.3Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE131NT♦4+2+2
+3.0Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY143NT♥2-1+4
+3.0Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA173NT♥5+1+0
+3.0Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND166♠♣10+1+13
+3.0Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA206♥♣6=+1
+3.0Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND135♠♥2=+0
+2.9Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA124♠♥2=+0
+2.8Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE43♣♦5+1-7
+2.8Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA94♠♥A-1+10
+2.7Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA193♣♠A-1+4
+2.6Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY164♥♦A-2+2
+2.6Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY122♠♦6+2+6
+2.4Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY23NT♥Q-1+6
+2.4Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY123♣♠A+1+5
+2.4Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES183♥♦J=+7
+2.3Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE194♥♠2-2+6
+2.2Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA33♠♦8-1+4
+1.9Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND83NT♠10-1+5
+1.8Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY53NT♥3+2+0
+1.8Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA103♣♦J+1+0
+1.8Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES151♠♣Q=+5
+1.6Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND51NT♣6+2+0
+1.6Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY104♠♥7-2+2
+1.5Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY204♥♦Q+1+0
+1.5Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA42♠♣4+2-10
+1.5Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA145♥♦A-1+8
+1.4Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND154♥♥2-3+2
+1.3Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA202NT♠5-1+5
+1.2Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY32♥♦10=-1
+1.2Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY13♥♣9-2-8
+1.2Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA91NT♠3=+1
+1.2Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY17Pass+3
+1.1Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES134♥♦2=-1
+1.1Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA144♠♣K+1+0
+1.0Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND15♦♥2-1+10
+0.9Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND72♠♥4+2+1
+0.9Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY32♥♣7=-1
+0.9Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY93NT♣2+1+1
+0.8Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND141♠♣6+2+0
+0.8Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY133♠♦6-1+1
+0.7Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY193♠♦2=+0
+0.7Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES14♥♠7+1+0
+0.7Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES44♥♣A-1+6
+0.6Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY94NT♣2+2-10
+0.6Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY34♠♥8+1+1
+0.6Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND33NT♠6=+13
+0.6Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND64♥♠10=-1
+0.6Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA181NT♥4+2+1
+0.6Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND183NT♦6+3-11
+0.6Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA194♠♥K-1-6
+0.5Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY183NT♥2=+0
+0.5Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA144♣♦Q-2+0
+0.5Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND21NT♣Q-2+1
+0.5Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY203NT♠2-2+8
+0.5Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA24♠♦J+1+0
+0.4Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA76♥♣K=+13
+0.4Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA113NT♦J=+2
+0.4Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES22♥♣2+3+6
+0.4Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES32♥♦K-2+1
+0.3Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA83NT♣7-1-5
+0.3Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND54♥♦Q+1+0
+0.2Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY174♠♥8+1+0
+0.2Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY93♠♦6=+0
+0.2Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND83NT♦9+1-1
+0.2Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA14♠♠2+2-1
+0.2Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA134♥♦A+1+10
+0.2Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA163NT♠3=-1
+0.2Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY84♠♦3+1+0
+0.2Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND75♦♥K=-9
+0.2Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA12♠♣3=+0
+0.1Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES202♠♣A+1+0
-0.1Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA164♠♥J+1+0
-0.1Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND172NT♥3=+0
-0.1Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE142♥♠2=-1
-0.1Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES123♥♦A=+0
-0.1Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND123NT♠9+2+1
-0.2Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY184♥♠9+1-11
-0.2Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND26♠x♦4-2+0
-0.2Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA51♥♦7+4-6
-0.2Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA163NT♥3+2+0
-0.2Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE84♥♠4+1+0
-0.2Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND134♠♥Q+1+0
-0.2Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA44♥♦K=+0
-0.2Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY14♠♠3-1+2
-0.2Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY43NT♥3+1-1
-0.2Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY154♠♥A=+0
-0.3Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA32♠♦5-1+0
-0.3Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY144♥♠4+2-11
-0.3Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY153♣♣Q-1-5
-0.3Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND113NT♦2=+1
-0.4Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA63♥♣8=-1
-0.4Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA115♦♣6+1+14
-0.4Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND104♥♠4=-1
-0.4Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA34♥♦J+1+0
-0.4Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND173NT♠4+2+0
-0.5Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY112♦♠8=+0
-0.5Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY204♥♠J+1-1
-0.5Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES81NT♠7-1+2
-0.6Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA123NT♦8+2+0
-0.6Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND134♥♦10=+0
-0.6Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND194♠♣4-1-5
-0.6Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA181NT♥A-3+10
-0.6Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE172♥♥Q=+0
-0.6Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND111NT♥3=+1
-0.6Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND173♥♠3-1-4
-0.6Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY174♠♠4=+0
-0.7Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY71NT♦Q+2-10
-0.7Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA84♦♠5-1+3
-0.8Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA52♦♣A+2+10
-0.8Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA104♠♦A+2+9
-0.8Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES95♦♥5-1-10
-0.8Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND104♠♥3+2-1
-0.9Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE54♠♣2+1-11
-0.9Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY53♦♣3+1-10
-0.9Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA34♣♣7=+0
-1.1Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE123NT♠6-2-6
-1.1Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND83NT♠3=+0
-1.1Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND152♥♠7+2+1
-1.2Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY184♥♣4=+0
-1.2Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND142NT♣K=+0
-1.3Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY63NT♥J+1+1
-1.3Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY33♠♣A=-6
-1.4Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA204♠♣Q+2+13
-1.4Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND34♥♠9+3-2
-1.4Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES193NT♠4-2-6
-1.5Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE14♥♠10+1+0
-1.5Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE35♥♣7=+11
-1.5Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES175♠♥K=-11
-1.6Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND44♠♣2+1+0
-1.6Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND111NT♣8=+1
-1.6Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND142♥♣8+1-6
-1.6Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY101NT♣2+2-2
-1.6Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA44♥♦7-1-6
-1.6Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA73♦♥2=+0
-1.7Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA193NT♠2+2-2
-1.8Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY134♠♦5=+1
-1.8Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY151NT♦J=+1
-1.8Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND73NT♦J+2+12
-1.8Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND165♣♠10=-13
-1.9Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA82♠♥4-1-5
-1.9Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE73NT♥2+3-3
-1.9Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE115♠♥A=+0
-1.9Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND93♣♠2=-5
-2.0Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES163♠♣A=-1
-2.1Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY83♦♥4+1+0
-2.1Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE101NT♥K+1+0
-2.1Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE165♣♦J=-11
-2.1Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND183♠♦K+1-2
-2.1Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA114♠♦K-1-10
-2.1Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY71NT♥6+2-1
-2.2Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA45♣♦10+1-3
-2.3Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA133NT♦9-2-13
-2.3Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA105♥♦7=-4
-2.3Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE15Pass-9
-2.3Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY145♣x♠A-1-5
-2.4Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND14♥♣K-1-5
-2.4Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND153♠♥J=-7
-2.4Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY62♥♠2-1-4
-2.5Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY101♠♦6+3-2
-2.5Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY111NT♠Q+2-1
-2.5Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA204♠x♦A-2+0
-2.6Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE184♠♦4+1-11
-2.6Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY14♥♠7-1-5
-2.7Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY113♠x♣3-1+5
-2.9Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY131NT♥Q-2-2
-3.1Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND204♠♦10-1-6
-3.1Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES114♠♦3+2+11
-3.1Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA66♣♦6-1-17
-3.2Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA194♠♥10+1+0
-3.5Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY73♥♦K-1+1
-3.5Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY153♠♦6-1-5
-3.5Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND64♥♠K=+0
-3.5Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA54♠♦2-1-5
-3.5Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY204♥♠J=+1
-3.5Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES143NT♠2=+0
-3.6Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY84♥♣K-1-5
-3.7Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE204♥♦K-2-8
-3.8Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY16♥♣K-3-10
-3.9Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND53NT♠4+3-13
-4.1Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY23NT♠9+1-1
-4.1Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA123NT♦4+2-1
-4.3Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA75♣♥Q=+1
-4.4Round 1🇹🇷 TURKEY102♥♦3+1-6
-4.4Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY23♣♦2-3-5
-4.6Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA21NT♦K+2-6
-4.6Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND94♥x♦5=-5
-4.8Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE66♠♣10-2-13
-5.0Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY194NT♠9-3-9
-5.1Round 8🇫🇷 FRANCE94♠♣4=+0
-5.1Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES54♠x♦Q-1+5
-5.2Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY85♦♠4=+0
-5.2Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY135♦x♦A-1-8
-5.4Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY163♣♥Q-1-4
-5.5Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA13♠♠2+1-6
-5.5Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA25♦♦8-1-10
-5.6Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA74♠♥K-1-12
-5.7Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND163♦♥A=-6
-5.9Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA183NT♦7+1+0
-5.9Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA14♥♣A=-7
-5.9Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND44♠♣10-3-5
-6.1Round 5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND104♠♥Q-2-13
-6.2Round 10🇨🇭 SWITZERLAND205♦♥3-2-8
-6.5Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY54♥♣6-2-7
-6.5Round 14🇩🇪 GERMANY43NT♦2-2-13
-6.7Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY75♥x♣K=-5
-6.9Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY64♥♦Q-3-10
-6.9Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY163NT♠K-2-9
-7.0Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY63NT♥2=+0
-7.2Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES66♦♣J+1-11
-7.5Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY174♥♠4=-7
-7.6Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA116♣♠9=+2
-7.8Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND45♣♠2=+1
-8.1Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY24♠♣8-1-12
-8.3Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA26♣♦K-1-10
-8.5Round 15🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 WALES73♣♦A=-11
-8.8Round 2🇷🇸 SERBIA93NT♥9=-7
-9.0Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA174♥♦Q-1-10
-9.2Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY164♠♥J+3-10
-10.7Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY93NT♠9=-12
-10.7Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA104♥♦8+2-13
-10.8Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND197♠♦Q-4-14
-11.0Round 18🇭🇷 CROATIA53NTx♠K-3-12
-11.1Round 7🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA133NT♦A-1-12
-12.1Round 4🇮🇹 ITALY55♦♥K=-7
-12.2Round 12🇭🇺 HUNGARY126♥♠9-1-17
-13.0Round 11🇱🇻 LATVIA156♦x♥3-6-16
-13.8Round 17🇫🇮 FINLAND25♣x♠A=-15