Round 1 — U26 Open Teams

8 matches. → cumulative standings · → board records

Round 1 results↑ top

Every match of the round — teams, IMPs and VPs. Click a table number or ‘protocol’ for the full board-by-board scorecard below.

TableHome teamVisiting teamIMP (home)IMP (visit)VP (home)VP (visit)
1CUHKCROATIA U2611196.4713.53protocol →
2ITALY U26 BLUEFRANCE U2213114.925.08protocol →
3SLOVAKIAREVOKESTARS261215.544.46protocol →
4ITALY U26 GREENINDIA121010.999.01protocol →
5AUSTRALIAGERMANY U260271.4418.56protocol →
6ITALY U26 REDUSA U2615333.3616.64protocol →
7FRANCE U26JAPAN17189.5010.50protocol →
8BRIDGENOOBSBRIDGESTARS9511.908.10protocol →

Standings after round 1↑ top

Cumulative Victory Points through round 1 — the league table as it stood after this round. → full standings, every round & players

PlaceTeamVPR1Pld
1🇩🇪 GERMANY U2618.5618.561
2🇺🇸 USA U2616.6416.641
3🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA15.5415.541
4🇮🇹 ITALY U26 BLUE14.9214.921
5🇭🇷 CROATIA U2613.5313.531
6DABROWKA POZNAN12.0012.001
7BRIDGENOOBS11.9011.901
8🇮🇹 ITALY U26 GREEN10.9910.991
9🇯🇵 JAPAN10.5010.501
10🇫🇷 FRANCE U269.509.501
11🇮🇳 INDIA9.019.011
12BRIDGESTARS8.108.101
13CUHK6.476.471
14🇫🇷 FRANCE U225.085.081
15REVOKESTARS4.464.461
16🇮🇹 ITALY U26 RED3.363.361
17🇦🇺 AUSTRALIA1.441.441

Butler by cross-IMPs over this round's field — each player’s per-board mean cross-IMP vs the whole field.

Round 1 Butler standings↑ top

PlacePlayerTeamBoardsR1Avg/bd
1P.Bortak🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA6+24.9+4.15
1S.Kentos🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA6+24.9+4.15
3F.Doermer🇩🇪 GERMANY U266+21.4+3.57
3S.Farwig🇩🇪 GERMANY U266+21.4+3.57
5G.Ramazzotti🇮🇹 ITALY U26 BLUE6+15.9+2.65
5F.Sanmartino🇮🇹 ITALY U26 BLUE6+15.9+2.65
7F.Kolesnik🇺🇸 USA U266+11.5+1.92
7M.Xu🇺🇸 USA U266+11.5+1.92
9I.StephaniREVOKESTARS6+11.1+1.85
9E.WoodREVOKESTARS6+11.1+1.85
11H.Luba🇺🇸 USA U266+10.3+1.72
11B.Zhu🇺🇸 USA U266+10.3+1.72
13I.Bilusic🇭🇷 CROATIA U266+8.3+1.38
13E.Evacic🇭🇷 CROATIA U266+8.3+1.38
15M.Litterst🇩🇪 GERMANY U266+5.2+0.87
15P.Pabst🇩🇪 GERMANY U266+5.2+0.87
17M.Ferenca🇭🇷 CROATIA U266+5.1+0.85
17K.Stefanec🇭🇷 CROATIA U266+5.1+0.85
19G.Donati🇮🇹 ITALY U26 GREEN6+3.5+0.58
19G.Giubilo🇮🇹 ITALY U26 GREEN6+3.5+0.58
21K.Nishino🇯🇵 JAPAN6+3.0+0.50
21Y.Song🇯🇵 JAPAN6+3.0+0.50
23N.KhutorskyBRIDGENOOBS6+2.0+0.33
23A.ZeitakBRIDGENOOBS6+2.0+0.33
25P.Bedouet🇫🇷 FRANCE U226+1.5+0.25
25E.Vallet🇫🇷 FRANCE U226+1.5+0.25
27L.Bonin🇫🇷 FRANCE U266+1.1+0.18
27T.Guichet🇫🇷 FRANCE U266+1.1+0.18
29J.FreemanBRIDGENOOBS6+0.6+0.10
29S.Van OostenBRIDGENOOBS6+0.6+0.10
31T.Rodrigues🇮🇳 INDIA6+0.3+0.05
31S.Sarkar🇮🇳 INDIA6+0.3+0.05
33A.Gaiotti🇮🇹 ITALY U26 GREEN6-0.3-0.05
33S.Scata🇮🇹 ITALY U26 GREEN6-0.3-0.05
35S.ClementssonBRIDGESTARS6-0.6-0.10
35A.SandinBRIDGESTARS6-0.6-0.10
37Y.Inoue🇯🇵 JAPAN6-1.1-0.18
37K.Yagishita🇯🇵 JAPAN6-1.1-0.18
39V.Lorenzini🇮🇹 ITALY U26 BLUE6-1.5-0.25
39A.Zaccaro🇮🇹 ITALY U26 BLUE6-1.5-0.25
41E.HanssonBRIDGESTARS6-2.0-0.33
41C.MannBRIDGESTARS6-2.0-0.33
43A.Boulin🇫🇷 FRANCE U266-3.0-0.50
43T.Guillemin🇫🇷 FRANCE U266-3.0-0.50
45T.Chowdhury🇮🇳 INDIA6-3.5-0.58
45PRAJJWAL -🇮🇳 INDIA6-3.5-0.58
47W.CheungCUHK6-5.1-0.85
47M.WuCUHK6-5.1-0.85
49D.Flicker🇦🇺 AUSTRALIA6-5.2-0.87
49J.Tomlin🇦🇺 AUSTRALIA6-5.2-0.87
51K.ChanCUHK6-8.3-1.38
51S.LeeCUHK6-8.3-1.38
53M.Cottone🇮🇹 ITALY U26 RED6-10.3-1.72
53L.Draghi🇮🇹 ITALY U26 RED6-10.3-1.72
55R.Gabriel🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA6-11.1-1.85
55E.Sykorova🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA6-11.1-1.85
57V.Fresa🇮🇹 ITALY U26 RED6-11.5-1.92
57A.Loprevite🇮🇹 ITALY U26 RED6-11.5-1.92
59C.Bens🇫🇷 FRANCE U226-15.9-2.65
59M.Roches🇫🇷 FRANCE U226-15.9-2.65
61D.Gue🇦🇺 AUSTRALIA6-21.4-3.57
61J.Simpson🇦🇺 AUSTRALIA6-21.4-3.57
63L.BellicaudREVOKESTARS6-24.9-4.15
63R.GuthREVOKESTARS6-24.9-4.15

CUHK vs CROATIA U26 6.47 : 13.53 VP (match 99117) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSM.Wu – W.Cheung EWK.Stefanec – M.Ferenca
Closed room
NSE.Evacic – I.Bilusic EWS.Lee – K.Chan
BdOpen room
NSM.Wu – W.Cheung EWK.Stefanec – M.Ferenca
Closed room
NSE.Evacic – I.Bilusic EWS.Lee – K.Chan
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerCUHKCROATIA U26
4♣N♥A-1501.94♠xW♥8-11002.04
2♥W♦J+11402.32♥W♦J+21701.51
5♣xS♦K-350010.23NTE♣K-33006.713
3♥N♥2+11701.53♣E♦10=1104.57
3♥E♣6=1401.91NTE♠Q=900.32
2♥W♣7-33005.11NTW♥3-22002.93
ΣButler / IMPsNS-5.1NS+8.31119
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
homevisit
4♣N-1501.94
4♠xW-11002.0
2♥W+11402.31
2♥W+21701.5
5♣xS-350010.213
3NTE-33006.7
3♥N+11701.57
3♣E=1104.5
3♥E=1401.92
1NTE=900.3
2♥W-33005.13
1NTW-22002.9
ΣButler OpenNS-5.11119
Butler ClosedNS+8.3
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
E.Evacic6+8.3+1.38
I.Bilusic6+8.3+1.38
K.Stefanec6+5.1+0.85
M.Ferenca6+5.1+0.85
M.Wu6-5.1-0.85
W.Cheung6-5.1-0.85
S.Lee6-8.3-1.38
K.Chan6-8.3-1.38

🇮🇹 ITALY U26 BLUE vs 🇫🇷 FRANCE U22 14.92 : 5.08 VP (match 99119) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSV.Lorenzini – A.Zaccaro EWP.Bedouet – E.Vallet
Closed room
NSC.Bens – M.Roches EWG.Ramazzotti – F.Sanmartino
BdOpen room
NSV.Lorenzini – A.Zaccaro EWP.Bedouet – E.Vallet
Closed room
NSC.Bens – M.Roches EWG.Ramazzotti – F.Sanmartino
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerITALY U26 BLUEFRANCE U22
3NTE♥3=4009.03NTE♣J=4009.0
2♥W♠Q+21701.52♥W♠Q+32000.51
4♥E♣K-11002.34♥W♣9-11002.3
4♥N♦K=6209.93♣E♦10=1104.512
3♥E♠10+11702.93♥E♥5=1401.91
2♦S♣2-1503.32NTS♥5-1503.3
ΣButler / IMPsNS-1.5NS-15.9131
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇮🇹🇫🇷
3NTE=4009.0
3NTE=4009.0
2♥W+21701.51
2♥W+32000.5
4♥E-11002.3
4♥W-11002.3
4♥N=6209.912
3♣E=1104.5
3♥E+11702.91
3♥E=1401.9
2♦S-1503.3
2NTS-1503.3
ΣButler OpenNS-1.5131
Butler ClosedNS-15.9
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇮🇹 G.Ramazzotti6+15.9+2.65
🇮🇹 F.Sanmartino6+15.9+2.65
🇫🇷 P.Bedouet6+1.5+0.25
🇫🇷 E.Vallet6+1.5+0.25
🇮🇹 V.Lorenzini6-1.5-0.25
🇮🇹 A.Zaccaro6-1.5-0.25
🇫🇷 C.Bens6-15.9-2.65
🇫🇷 M.Roches6-15.9-2.65

SLOVAKIA vs REVOKESTARS 15.54 : 4.46 VP (match 99120) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSP.Bortak – S.Kentos EWR.Guth – L.Bellicaud
Closed room
NSI.Stephani – E.Wood EWR.Gabriel – E.Sykorova
BdOpen room
NSP.Bortak – S.Kentos EWR.Guth – L.Bellicaud
Closed room
NSI.Stephani – E.Wood EWR.Gabriel – E.Sykorova
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerSLOVAKIAREVOKESTARS
3♣xN♥K=4709.23♦E♠A+11303.712
2NTE♦10+11502.34♥W♣A=4205.37
3♣xS♦K-11002.54♥xW♠Q-250010.212
4♥N♦K=6209.94♥N♦A=6209.9
2♠S♥8+11405.73♥E♦4-1503.33
1NTN♣3=900.33NTS♥5-1503.34
ΣButler / IMPsNS+24.9NS+11.12612
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
homevisit
3♣xN=4709.212
3♦E+11303.7
2NTE+11502.37
4♥W=4205.3
3♣xS-11002.512
4♥xW-250010.2
4♥N=6209.9
4♥N=6209.9
2♠S+11405.73
3♥E-1503.3
1NTN=900.34
3NTS-1503.3
ΣButler OpenNS+24.92612
Butler ClosedNS+11.1
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
P.Bortak6+24.9+4.15
S.Kentos6+24.9+4.15
I.Stephani6+11.1+1.85
E.Wood6+11.1+1.85
R.Gabriel6-11.1-1.85
E.Sykorova6-11.1-1.85
R.Guth6-24.9-4.15
L.Bellicaud6-24.9-4.15

🇮🇹 ITALY U26 GREEN vs 🇮🇳 INDIA 10.99 : 9.01 VP (match 99121) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSS.Scata – A.Gaiotti EWS.Sarkar – T.Rodrigues
Closed room
NSPRAJJWAL - – T.Chowdhury EWG.Giubilo – G.Donati
BdOpen room
NSS.Scata – A.Gaiotti EWS.Sarkar – T.Rodrigues
Closed room
NSPRAJJWAL - – T.Chowdhury EWG.Giubilo – G.Donati
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerITALY U26 GREENINDIA
3♦E♣J+11303.75♦W♥8-1500.95
1NTW♠4+21502.31NTS♥K-33002.34
3♣S♦K-1501.14♥E♣K-11002.34
3♥N♦A+11701.54♣E♥3-11000.32
3♥W♠3=1401.93♠S♣3-11000.81
1NTN♣Q+31802.62NTS♥2-1503.36
ΣButler / IMPsNS-0.3NS-3.51210
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇮🇹🇮🇳
3♦E+11303.75
5♦W-1500.9
1NTW+21502.34
1NTS-33002.3
3♣S-1501.14
4♥E-11002.3
3♥N+11701.52
4♣E-11000.3
3♥W=1401.91
3♠S-11000.8
1NTN+31802.66
2NTS-1503.3
ΣButler OpenNS-0.31210
Butler ClosedNS-3.5
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇮🇹 G.Giubilo6+3.5+0.58
🇮🇹 G.Donati6+3.5+0.58
🇮🇳 S.Sarkar6+0.3+0.05
🇮🇳 T.Rodrigues6+0.3+0.05
🇮🇹 S.Scata6-0.3-0.05
🇮🇹 A.Gaiotti6-0.3-0.05
🇮🇳 PRAJJWAL -6-3.5-0.58
🇮🇳 T.Chowdhury6-3.5-0.58

🇦🇺 AUSTRALIA vs 🇩🇪 GERMANY U26 1.44 : 18.56 VP (match 99122) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSD.Gue – J.Simpson EWS.Farwig – F.Doermer
Closed room
NSM.Litterst – P.Pabst EWD.Flicker – J.Tomlin
BdOpen room
NSD.Gue – J.Simpson EWS.Farwig – F.Doermer
Closed room
NSM.Litterst – P.Pabst EWD.Flicker – J.Tomlin
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerAUSTRALIAGERMANY U26
4♠W♥8-1500.96♦xW♥8-23006.06
2♥W♦J+32000.52♥W♠Q+21701.51
3♥W♣9+11704.23NTE♣K-22004.69
3♣E♠2+11305.33♣E♦10+11305.3
2♥E♦4+11401.93♥E♥7=1401.9
4♥xN♣Q-350011.41NTS♥5=900.311
ΣButler / IMPsNS-21.4NS+5.2027
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇦🇺🇩🇪
4♠W-1500.96
6♦xW-23006.0
2♥W+32000.51
2♥W+21701.5
3♥W+11704.29
3NTE-22004.6
3♣E+11305.3
3♣E+11305.3
2♥E+11401.9
3♥E=1401.9
4♥xN-350011.411
1NTS=900.3
ΣButler OpenNS-21.4027
Butler ClosedNS+5.2
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇩🇪 S.Farwig6+21.4+3.57
🇩🇪 F.Doermer6+21.4+3.57
🇩🇪 M.Litterst6+5.2+0.87
🇩🇪 P.Pabst6+5.2+0.87
🇦🇺 D.Flicker6-5.2-0.87
🇦🇺 J.Tomlin6-5.2-0.87
🇦🇺 D.Gue6-21.4-3.57
🇦🇺 J.Simpson6-21.4-3.57

🇮🇹 ITALY U26 RED vs 🇺🇸 USA U26 3.36 : 16.64 VP (match 99123) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSL.Draghi – M.Cottone EWB.Zhu – H.Luba
Closed room
NSF.Kolesnik – M.Xu EWA.Loprevite – V.Fresa
BdOpen room
NSL.Draghi – M.Cottone EWB.Zhu – H.Luba
Closed room
NSF.Kolesnik – M.Xu EWA.Loprevite – V.Fresa
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerITALY U26 REDUSA U26
3♣xN♥A=4709.24♦E♠A=1303.712
3NTE♦10=4004.62♥W♦J+21701.56
3NTE♣K-22004.64♥W♣9-11002.33
4♠W♥A=62012.53♥N♦A=1400.813
3♥E♠10+11702.93♥E♣6=1401.91
1♠E♥7=804.12♥xW♠2-380012.513
ΣButler / IMPsNS-10.3NS+11.51533
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇮🇹🇺🇸
3♣xN=4709.212
4♦E=1303.7
3NTE=4004.66
2♥W+21701.5
3NTE-22004.63
4♥W-11002.3
4♠W=62012.513
3♥N=1400.8
3♥E+11702.91
3♥E=1401.9
1♠E=804.113
2♥xW-380012.5
ΣButler OpenNS-10.31533
Butler ClosedNS+11.5
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇺🇸 F.Kolesnik6+11.5+1.92
🇺🇸 M.Xu6+11.5+1.92
🇺🇸 B.Zhu6+10.3+1.72
🇺🇸 H.Luba6+10.3+1.72
🇮🇹 L.Draghi6-10.3-1.72
🇮🇹 M.Cottone6-10.3-1.72
🇮🇹 A.Loprevite6-11.5-1.92
🇮🇹 V.Fresa6-11.5-1.92

🇫🇷 FRANCE U26 vs 🇯🇵 JAPAN 9.5 : 10.5 VP (match 99124) PBN↑ top

Open room
NST.Guillemin – A.Boulin EWK.Nishino – Y.Song
Closed room
NSY.Inoue – K.Yagishita EWL.Bonin – T.Guichet
BdOpen room
NST.Guillemin – A.Boulin EWK.Nishino – Y.Song
Closed room
NSY.Inoue – K.Yagishita EWL.Bonin – T.Guichet
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerFRANCE U26JAPAN
3♦E♠A+11303.73♣xN♥A=4709.212
1NTE♦10+21502.34♥E♠7+14505.97
3♥W♣9=1403.55♣xS♦K-350010.28
3♣E♦10=1104.53♥N♦K=1400.86
2♠S♥8=1104.72♥E♣6-1503.32
1NTS♥5+21501.72NTN♣Q+11501.7
ΣButler / IMPsNS-3.0NS-1.11718
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇫🇷🇯🇵
3♦E+11303.712
3♣xN=4709.2
1NTE+21502.37
4♥E+14505.9
3♥W=1403.58
5♣xS-350010.2
3♣E=1104.56
3♥N=1400.8
2♠S=1104.72
2♥E-1503.3
1NTS+21501.7
2NTN+11501.7
ΣButler OpenNS-3.01718
Butler ClosedNS-1.1
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇯🇵 K.Nishino6+3.0+0.50
🇯🇵 Y.Song6+3.0+0.50
🇫🇷 L.Bonin6+1.1+0.18
🇫🇷 T.Guichet6+1.1+0.18
🇯🇵 Y.Inoue6-1.1-0.18
🇯🇵 K.Yagishita6-1.1-0.18
🇫🇷 T.Guillemin6-3.0-0.50
🇫🇷 A.Boulin6-3.0-0.50

BRIDGENOOBS vs BRIDGESTARS 11.9 : 8.1 VP (match 99125) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSA.Zeitak – N.Khutorsky EWE.Hansson – C.Mann
Closed room
NSS.Clementsson – A.Sandin EWJ.Freeman – S.Van Oosten
BdOpen room
NSA.Zeitak – N.Khutorsky EWE.Hansson – C.Mann
Closed room
NSS.Clementsson – A.Sandin EWJ.Freeman – S.Van Oosten
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerBRIDGENOOBSBRIDGESTARS
4♠W♥8-1500.93♦E♠A+11303.75
2♥W♠Q+21701.52♥W♦J+32000.51
3♣S♦6-1501.14♣S♦K-21002.52
3♥N♦K+11701.53♥S♠7+11701.5
3♥E♣6=1401.94♥E♥5-1503.35
1NTN♣Q+11201.11NTN♣Q=900.31
ΣButler / IMPsNS+2.0NS-0.695
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
homevisit
4♠W-1500.95
3♦E+11303.7
2♥W+21701.51
2♥W+32000.5
3♣S-1501.12
4♣S-21002.5
3♥N+11701.5
3♥S+11701.5
3♥E=1401.95
4♥E-1503.3
1NTN+11201.11
1NTN=900.3
ΣButler OpenNS+2.095
Butler ClosedNS-0.6
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
A.Zeitak6+2.0+0.33
N.Khutorsky6+2.0+0.33
J.Freeman6+0.6+0.10
S.Van Oosten6+0.6+0.10
S.Clementsson6-0.6-0.10
A.Sandin6-0.6-0.10
E.Hansson6-2.0-0.33
C.Mann6-2.0-0.33
Board 1board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ 984
♥ 8
♦ J6
♣ KQ98432
♠ J763
♥ J42
♦ AQ843
♣ A
1
Dlr N
None
♠ T52
♥ AKQ
♦ K975
♣ T76
♠ AKQ
♥ T97653
♦ T2
♣ J5
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N44539
S44539
E997104
W997104
Minimax (par): NS -130: 4♦E= 4♦W=
Board 2board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ QJ654
♥ 93
♦ J8
♣ A763
♠ T92
♥ KQJT6
♦ K54
♣ T2
2
Dlr E
N-S
♠ AK83
♥ 752
♦ AQ6
♣ J84
♠ 7
♥ A84
♦ T9732
♣ KQ95
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N55378
S55378
E88965
W88965
Minimax (par): NS -140: 2♥E+1 2♥W+1
Board 3board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ QJT632
♥ T8
♦ T532
♣ 9
♠ 984
♥ 9642
♦ KQJ7
♣ A3
3
Dlr S
E-W
♠ AK75
♥ KJ53
♦ A84
♣ J4
♠ –
♥ AQ7
♦ 96
♣ KQT87652
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N55458
S55458
E78985
W78983
Minimax (par): NS -140: 3♥E= 3♥W=
Board 4board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ AJ
♥ AK654
♦ Q84
♣ J95
♠ 97543
♥ Q
♦ J762
♣ KT6
4
Dlr W
Both
♠ QT8
♥ T2
♦ AK
♣ AQ7432
♠ K62
♥ J9873
♦ T953
♣ 8
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N54984
S54984
E69359
W69359
Minimax (par): NS -140: 3♠E= 3♠W=
Board 5board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ J43
♥ K9
♦ Q852
♣ A987
♠ 76
♥ QT83
♦ A93
♣ QT32
5
Dlr N
N-S
♠ K52
♥ AJ42
♦ JT6
♣ KJ4
♠ AQT98
♥ 765
♦ K74
♣ 65
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N68475
S68475
E65958
W65958
Minimax (par): NS -140: 3♥E= 3♥W=
Board 6board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ Q72
♥ KJ83
♦ KT
♣ K764
♠ JT3
♥ AQT52
♦ 8642
♣ 8
6
Dlr E
E-W
♠ A864
♥ 9
♦ QJ7
♣ QJT53
♠ K95
♥ 764
♦ A953
♣ A92
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N97888
S87888
E45555
W55555
Minimax (par): NS +400: 3NTN=